Historically the goal of security for most companies was nice and simple: keep the bad guys out. And it was easy to classify who the bad guys were. The bad guys were everyone outside the company on untrusted external networks.

This approach worked pretty well until a number of reports emerged starting that internal threats accounted for around 50 to 60 percent of the total security threats to a company. Now the bad guys were more difficult to classify. This revelation required a new approach to security that revolved around keeping the bad guys out, even if they were inside the network. Companies ensured they had all their systems patched and “hardened” so that no attacker would be able to break in. This approach too has lasted a number of years and been very successful.

Recently, however there’s been a marked move towards a new security approach. This approach revolves around securing the data itself as opposed to just the systems and networks that hold the data.

Why the somewhat radical shift in focus and need for a new approach? There are a multitude of reasons but the primary drivers are the increased awareness of the value of data and the failure of the existing security approaches to secure the data.


Companies now more than ever are realizing that their confidential data is in many cases the lifeblood of their business and loss or theft of the data could be critical.

A simple example would be the prior approach to dealing with lost laptops. Previously a laptop left in the back of a taxi would have been written off as just the replacement cost of the laptop. The total cost to the business would be €500 maybe. Now however companies realize that the data stored on the laptop may be worth a whole lot more. How much would that laptop be worth if it currently held all your customer records? While it’s hard to determine you can guarantee it’s a lot more than €500, especially if you hadn’t backups of the data!

Of course this is just one example of how former security controls don’t adequately secure the data. Another major source of new risks to data is the fact that companies now want to share and integrate more with their customers and suppliers than ever before. Integration is no longer a competitive advantage, it’s a requirement. This often involves giving external users access to internal systems and applications, many of which were previously hidden from public view by layers of firewalls. This increased requirement to expose internal applications to the public has emerged in conjunction with the explosion in web application security research. The problem here is that many of the vulnerabilities within web applications are exploited through the normal functionality of the application of which firewalls and traditional security measures have no visibility.